According to historians, the origin of Bengali Muslim identity lies in the mass conversion by the sufis and immigration of the arabs, persians, turks and hindustanis into Bengal in the medieval period. The influx of Persian, Turkic, Arab and Mughal settlers contributed further diversity to the cultural development of the region. Islam arrived in the first millennium and influenced the native Bengali culture. 2.7.1 Eastern Bengal and Assam (1905-1912)Ī Bengali is a person of ethnic and linguistic heritage from the Bengal region in South Asia speaking the Indo-Aryan Bengali language.After the Partition of India in 1947, they comprised the demographic majority of Pakistan until the independence of East Pakistan (historic East Bengal) as Bangladesh in 1971. The Bengali Muslim population emerged as a synthesis of Islamic and Bengali cultures. Mughal Bengal became increasingly independent under the Nawabs of Bengal in the 18th century. Two Bengal viceroys – Muhammad Azam Shah and Azim-us-Shan – assumed the imperial throne. During Emperor Aurangazeb's rule, the Bengal Subah and its citizens in eastern Bengal, chiefly Muslims, had the highest standard of living and real wages in the world. Europeans traders identified the Bengal Sultanate as 'the richest country to trade with'.

The Bengal region was a leading power of the medieval Islamic East. The majority of Bengali Muslims are Sunnis who follow the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. They speak or identify the Bengali language as their mother tongue. Bengali Muslims make up the majority of Bangladesh's citizens, and are the largest minority in the Indian states of West Bengal and Assam

Comprising about two-thirds of the global Bengali population, they are the second-largest ethnic group among Muslims after Arabs. Bengali Muslims ( Bengali: বাঙালি মুসলমান pronounced ) are adherents of Islam who ethnically, linguistically and genealogically identify as Bengalis.

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